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"Is CHILDHOOD always the best time ?”
15 years ago
Andrew Daffy(Animator, Maya Guru)
Born in the UK in 1976, Andrew Daffy specializes in CGI Supervision for the post production industry. He started working at Framestore CFC as a Junior Animator in 1996.
After earning the position as Head of 3D Commercials some years later, he worked on award winning projects such as Levis Odyssey, Walking With Dinosaurs and two James Bond title sequences.
Andrew's final project within the company was the CGI supervision of a bat sequence for the film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. He's now looking at branching out. As well as editing promos and pitching for directing work, he's currently researching the idea of setting up a London based school focusing solely on training in photorealistic animation.
As well as freelancing for UK's major post production houses and animation studios, Daffy has now set up his own company - "THE HOUSE OF CURVES"
Photographs, magazines and other objects of nature such as an apple; create color by subtracting or absorbing certain wavelengths of color while reflecting other wavelengths back to the viewer. This phenomenon is called subtractive color.
A red apple is a good example of subtractive color; the apple really has no color; it has no light energy of its own, it merely reflects the wavelengths of white light that cause us to see red and absorbs most of the other wavelengths which evokes the sensation of red. The viewer (or detector) can be the human eye, film in a camera or a light-sensing instrument.
The subtractive color system involves colorants and reflected light. Subtractive color starts with an object (often a substrate such as paper or canvas) that reflects light and uses colorants (such as pigments or dyes) to subtract portions of the white light illuminating an object to produce other colors. If an object reflects all the white light back to the viewer, it appears white. If an object absorbs (subtracts) all the light illuminating it, no light is reflected back to the viewer and it appears black. It is the subtractive process that allows everyday objects around us to show color.
Color paintings, color photography and all color printing processes use the subtractive process to reproduce color. In these cases, the reflective substrate is canvas (paintings) or paper (photographs, prints), which is usually white.
Printing presses use color inks that act as filters and subtract portions of the white light striking the image on paper to produce other colors. Printing inks are transparent, which allows light to pass through to and reflect off of the paper base. It is the paper that reflects any unabsorbed light back to the viewer. The offset printing process uses cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY) process color inks and a fourth ink, black. The black printing ink is designated K to avoid confusion with B for blue. Overprinting one transparent printing ink with another produces the subtractive secondary colors, red, green, blue.
The additive color system involves light emitted directly from a source, before an object reflects the light. The additive reproduction process mixes various amounts of red, green and blue light to produce other colors. Combining one of these additive primary colors with another produces the additive secondary colors cyan, magenta, yellow. Combining all three primary colors produces white. Television and computer monitors create color using the primary colors of light. Each pixel on a monitor screen starts out as black. When the red, green and blue phosphors of a pixel are illuminated simultaneously, that pixel becomes white. This phenomenon is called additive color.
To illustrate additive color, imagine three spotlights, one red, one green and one blue focused from the back of an ice arena on skaters in an ice show. Where the blue and green spotlights overlap, the color cyan is produced; where the blue and red spotlights overlap, the color magenta is produced; where the red and green spotlights overlap the color yellow is produced. When added together, red, green and blue lights produce what we perceive as white light.
As mentioned before, television screens and computer monitors are examples of systems that use additive color. Thousands of red, green and blue phosphor dots make up the images on video monitors. The phosphor dots emit light when activated electronically, and it is the combination of different intensities of red, green and blue phosphor dots that produces all the colors on a video monitor. Because the dots are so small and close together, we do not see them individually, but see the colors formed by the mixture of light. Colors often vary from one monitor to another. This is not new information to anyone who has visited an electronics store with various brands of televisions on display. Also, colors on monitors change over time. Currently, there are no color standards for the phosphors used in manufacturing monitors for the graphics arts industry. All image capture devices utilize the additive color system to gather the information needed to reproduce a color image. These devices include digital cameras, flatbed scanners, drum scanners, and video cameras. To summarize: Additive color involves the use of colored lights. It starts with darkness and mixes red, green and blue light together to produce other colors. When combined, the additive primary colors produce the appearance of white.
To illustrate additive color, imagine three spotlights, one red, one green and one blue focused from the back of an ice arena on skaters in an ice show. Where the blue and green spotlights overlap, the color cyan is produced; where the blue and red spotlights overlap, the color magenta is produced; where the red and green spotlights overlap the color yellow is produced. When added together, red, green and blue lights produce what we perceive as white light.
As mentioned before, television screens and computer monitors are examples of systems that use additive color. Thousands of red, green and blue phosphor dots make up the images on video monitors. The phosphor dots emit light when activated electronically, and it is the combination of different intensities of red, green and blue phosphor dots that produces all the colors on a video monitor. Because the dots are so small and close together, we do not see them individually, but see the colors formed by the mixture of light. Colors often vary from one monitor to another. This is not new information to anyone who has visited an electronics store with various brands of televisions on display. Also, colors on monitors change over time. Currently, there are no color standards for the phosphors used in manufacturing monitors for the graphics arts industry. All image capture devices utilize the additive color system to gather the information needed to reproduce a color image. These devices include digital cameras, flatbed scanners, drum scanners, and video cameras. To summarize: Additive color involves the use of colored lights. It starts with darkness and mixes red, green and blue light together to produce other colors. When combined, the additive primary colors produce the appearance of white.
What is Color?
Color is all around us. It is a sensation that adds excitement and emotion to our lives. Everything from the cloths we wear, to the pictures we paint revolves around color. Without color; the world (especially RGB World) would be a much less beautiful place. Color can also be used to describe emotions; we can be red hot, feeling blue, or be green with envy.
In order to understand color we need a brief overview of light. Without light, there would be no color, and hence no RGB World. Thank God for light!
Light is made up of energy waves which are grouped together in what is called a spectrum. Light that appears white to us, such as light from the sun, is actually composed of many colors. The wavelengths of light are not colored, but produce the sensation of color.
Raster Images
- A Raster image is a collection of dots called pixels.
- Each pixel is a tiny colored square.
- When an image is scanned, the image is converted to a collection of pixels called a raster image
- Scanned graphics and web graphics (JPEG and GIF files) are the most common forms of raster images.
- The quality of an imprint produced from a raster image is dependant upon the resolution (dpi) of the raster image, the capabilities of the printing technology and whether or not the image has been scaled up.
Vector Images
- A vector image is a collection of connected lines and curves that produce objects.
- When creating a vector image in a vector illustration program, node or drawing points are inserted and lines and curves connect notes together.
- Each node, line and curve is defined in the drawing by the graphics software by a mathematical description.
- Text objects are created by connecting nodes, lines and curves.
- In a vector object, colors are like clothes over the top of a skeleton.
- They can be scaled up or down without any loss of quality.
- Since vector images are composed of objects not pixels, you can change the color of individual objects without worrying about individual pixels.
Bit depth, sometimes called "brightness resolution", defines the number of possible tones or colours every pixel can have. The greater the bit depth, the greater the depth of colour, and the larger the colour (or greyscale) palette (number of colours). For example, 8-bit colour has a range of 256 colours (or shades of grey) and 24-bit (or higher) colour provides 16.7 million colours, but 30-bit colour has many more millions of colours, which offers higher definition and thus better results in reproducing details such as the shadowy parts of an image.
2 bit Black & white
8-bit 256 Greyscale
8-bit 256 color
24-bit True Color
When digital technology is used to capture, store, modify and view photographic images, the images must first be converted to a set of numbers in a process called digitisation. Computers are very good at storing and manipulating numbers and can therefore handle digitised images with remarkable speed. Once digitised, photographs can be examined, altered, displayed, transmitted, printed or archived in an incredible variety of ways. As you explore digital imaging, it helps to be familiar with a few basic terms.
Digital images consist of a grid of small squares, known as picture elements, or pixels: These basic building blocks are the smallest elements used by computer monitors or printers to represent text, graphics, or images.
Resolution describes the clarity or level of detail of a digital image. Technically the term "resolution" refers to spatial resolution and brightness resolution; commonly, however, the word is used to refer to spatial resolution alone. The higher the resolution, the greater the detail in the image (and the larger the file). For computers and digital cameras, resolution is measured in pixels; for scanners, resolution is measured in pixels per inch (ppi) or dots per inch (dpi); for printers, resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).
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