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Material

• A Material is a data that you assign to the surface or faces of an object so that it appears a certain way when rendered.
• Materials affect the color of objects, their shininess, their opacity, and so on.
• A standard material consists of ambient, diffuse, and specular components. You can assign maps to the various components of a standard material.

Maps

• The images you assign to materials are called maps.
• They include standard bitmaps (such as .bmp, .jpg, or .tga files), procedural maps, such as checker or Marble, and image-processing systems such as compositors and masking systesm.
• Materials that contain one or more images are called mapped materials.
• The Renderer needs instructions telling it where the map should appear on the geometry. These instructions are called mapping coordinates.