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When digital technology is used to capture, store, modify and view photographic images, the images must first be converted to a set of numbers in a process called digitisation. Computers are very good at storing and manipulating numbers and can therefore handle digitised images with remarkable speed. Once digitised, photographs can be examined, altered, displayed, transmitted, printed or archived in an incredible variety of ways. As you explore digital imaging, it helps to be familiar with a few basic terms.

Digital images consist of a grid of small squares, known as picture elements, or pixels: These basic building blocks are the smallest elements used by computer monitors or printers to represent text, graphics, or images.

Resolution describes the clarity or level of detail of a digital image. Technically the term "resolution" refers to spatial resolution and brightness resolution; commonly, however, the word is used to refer to spatial resolution alone. The higher the resolution, the greater the detail in the image (and the larger the file). For computers and digital cameras, resolution is measured in pixels; for scanners, resolution is measured in pixels per inch (ppi) or dots per inch (dpi); for printers, resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).